Nuqta · Roman ↔ Urdu

Transliteration is approximate by nature. Roman letters cannot disambiguate Urdu homophones:

• s maps to any of س، ص، ث · z to ز، ض، ظ، ذ · t to ت، ط · h to ہ، ح
• Retroflex letters use capitals: T for ٹ, D for ڈ, R for ڑ
• Aspirated consonants use h: kh, gh, sh, ch, bh, ph, th, dh
• Long vowels: aa ا · ee/ii ی · oo/uu و · ai ے · au و
• Urdu → Roman: on-screen keyboard mirrors the standard Urdu Phonetic layout. Physical English keys get remapped when Phonetic Typing is on. Toggle REFERENCE to see the full layout with every alternate character labelled.

A built-in dictionary of common words takes priority. Unknown words fall back to character-level phonetic rules. Results will not always match a native writer's preferred spelling.